Alleviate the suppression of chlorophyll biosynthesis due to metal-induced iron deficiency by providing iron to
metal-stressed plants
Alleviate the metal induced-stress in plants by supplying iron to plants exposed to metal contaminants
Decrease free radical formation around plant roots and shield microbial phytohormones from metal-induced
oxidative damage by means of chelation reaction
Augment bioavailability and mobility of metals by solubilizing metal-minerals, subsequently enhance metal
accumulation, in turn phytoextraction
Protect plants from soil-microbial pathogens by limiting iron availability to them