RESULTS: Of 313 participants, 2.6% of type 2 diabetes subjects were smokers, and
16.3% of participants were former smokers. All smokers were males. The BMIs of
the non-smokers and the former smokers were higher than that of the smokers (26.8,
27.1 and 25.4 kg/m2, respectively). Moreover, former smokers had a higher prevalence
of being overweight (BMI > 23 kg/m2) more than the smokers and non-smokers
(74.5%, 62.5% and 57.1%, respectively). The average levels of triglycerides and
cholesterol in the smokers (mean was 177.0 and 192.3 mg/dL, respectively) were higher
than those of non-smokers (mean was 147.3 and 181.0, respectively) and former
smokers (mean was 142.6 and 165.1, respectively). Moreover, it was shown that the
average of HbA1c in all groups were not different. However, the smokers were more
likely to have uncontrolled diabetes (HbA1c ≥ 7%) more than the non-smokers and
the former smokers (75.0% of the smokers, 55.9% of the non-smokers and 51.0% the
former smokers). Regarding diabetes complications, including retinopathy neuropathy
and nephropathy, it was found that the smokers and the former smokers had a higher
percentage of complications than the nonsmokers.