Using the answer to question 2, the total number of hours of production time used per week by the products in the respective plants is entered in cells E7, E8, and E9, just to the right of the corresponding data cells. The Excel equations for these three cells are where each asterisk denotes multiplication. Since each of these cells provides output that depends on the changing cells (C12 and D12), they are called output cells.Notice that each of the equations for the output cells involves the sum of two products. There is a function in Excel called SUM PRODUCT that will sum up the product of each of the individual terms in two different ranges of cells when the two ranges have the same number of rows and the same number of columns. Each product being summed is the product of term in the first range and the term in the corresponding location in the second range. For example, consider the two ranges, C7:D7 and C12:D12, so that each range has one row and two columns. In this case, SUM PRODUCT (C7:D7, C12:D12) takes each of the individual terms in the range C7:D7, multiplies them by the corresponding term in the range C12:D12, and then sums up these individual products, as shown in the first equation above. Using the range name Batches Produced (C12:D12), the formula becomes SUM PRODUCT (C7:D7, Batches Produced). Although optional with such short equations, this function is especially handy as a shortcut for entering longer equations.Next, <= signs are entered in cells F7, F8, and F9 to indicate that each total value to their left cannot be allowed to exceed the corresponding number in column G. The spreadsheet still will allow you to enter trial solutions that violate the <= signs. However, these <= signs serve as a reminder that such trial solutions need to be rejected if no changes are made in the numbers in column G.
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