4. Case study
This section presents an example of the proposed approach
through a case study in the canning industry to illustrate the usefulness
and ease of application of the method as well as considering
the practical implications of the approach. Focusing on the
methodological point of view, the definition of a specific set of
LAs and LEs for applying the approach was not dealt with in this
study; they should be identified according to the special characteristics
of the company under consideration. First, a QFD team was
organized, which was headed by academics and included the firm’s
executives and main business functions involved in the supply
chain of the industry (e.g. marketing, production, logistics, IT).
Then, 8 LAs and 11 LEs were identified by the team; these are
shown in Fig. 4.
The AHP was deployed to rank LAs by using EC 9.5 in its distributed
mode. The hierarchy of the goal, criteria, and alternatives
were structured as shown in Fig. 5. According to Fig. 5, in the hierarchy,
the goal was to enhance the leanness of the food supply
chain; the five criteria mentioned before with eight alternatives,
i.e. LAs of the HOQ in Fig. 4, were also considered. The group-enabled
model of EC 9.5 was used to create and evaluate the team
model in a local area network. To create a group model, the facilitator
(model builder) first built the decision model, added nine participants,
and then facilitated the group decision-making process.
Individual members of the team who evaluated the model were referred
to as participants. The facilitator led the group to make a
pair-wise assessment to evaluate the alternatives with respect to
the criteria and then evaluate the criteria with respect to the goal.
The pair-wise assessment matrices are shown in Tables 5–10.
The degree of relationship between LAs and LEs, i.e. Rij, was defined.
The correlation between LEs, i.e. Tkj, was also determined. As
mentioned before, the assessment of the relationships and correlations
in HOQ mainly relies on human judgment. Thus, this approach
proposes to exploit fuzzy logic as an effective means to
deal with them; in this way, both Rij and Tkj were expressed by
4. Case study
This section presents an example of the proposed approach
through a case study in the canning industry to illustrate the usefulness
and ease of application of the method as well as considering
the practical implications of the approach. Focusing on the
methodological point of view, the definition of a specific set of
LAs and LEs for applying the approach was not dealt with in this
study; they should be identified according to the special characteristics
of the company under consideration. First, a QFD team was
organized, which was headed by academics and included the firm’s
executives and main business functions involved in the supply
chain of the industry (e.g. marketing, production, logistics, IT).
Then, 8 LAs and 11 LEs were identified by the team; these are
shown in Fig. 4.
The AHP was deployed to rank LAs by using EC 9.5 in its distributed
mode. The hierarchy of the goal, criteria, and alternatives
were structured as shown in Fig. 5. According to Fig. 5, in the hierarchy,
the goal was to enhance the leanness of the food supply
chain; the five criteria mentioned before with eight alternatives,
i.e. LAs of the HOQ in Fig. 4, were also considered. The group-enabled
model of EC 9.5 was used to create and evaluate the team
model in a local area network. To create a group model, the facilitator
(model builder) first built the decision model, added nine participants,
and then facilitated the group decision-making process.
Individual members of the team who evaluated the model were referred
to as participants. The facilitator led the group to make a
pair-wise assessment to evaluate the alternatives with respect to
the criteria and then evaluate the criteria with respect to the goal.
The pair-wise assessment matrices are shown in Tables 5–10.
The degree of relationship between LAs and LEs, i.e. Rij, was defined.
The correlation between LEs, i.e. Tkj, was also determined. As
mentioned before, the assessment of the relationships and correlations
in HOQ mainly relies on human judgment. Thus, this approach
proposes to exploit fuzzy logic as an effective means to
deal with them; in this way, both Rij and Tkj were expressed by
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4. Case study
This section presents an example of the proposed approach
through a case study in the canning industry to illustrate the usefulness
and ease of application of the method as well as considering
the practical implications of the approach. Focusing on the
methodological point of view, the definition of a specific set of
LAs and LEs for applying the approach was not dealt with in this
study; they should be identified according to the special characteristics
of the company under consideration. First, a QFD team was
organized, which was headed by academics and included the firm’s
executives and main business functions involved in the supply
chain of the industry (e.g. marketing, production, logistics, IT).
Then, 8 LAs and 11 LEs were identified by the team; these are
shown in Fig. 4.
The AHP was deployed to rank LAs by using EC 9.5 in its distributed
mode. The hierarchy of the goal, criteria, and alternatives
were structured as shown in Fig. 5. According to Fig. 5, in the hierarchy,
the goal was to enhance the leanness of the food supply
chain; the five criteria mentioned before with eight alternatives,
i.e. LAs of the HOQ in Fig. 4, were also considered. The group-enabled
model of EC 9.5 was used to create and evaluate the team
model in a local area network. To create a group model, the facilitator
(model builder) first built the decision model, added nine participants,
and then facilitated the group decision-making process.
Individual members of the team who evaluated the model were referred
to as participants. The facilitator led the group to make a
pair-wise assessment to evaluate the alternatives with respect to
the criteria and then evaluate the criteria with respect to the goal.
The pair-wise assessment matrices are shown in Tables 5–10.
The degree of relationship between LAs and LEs, i.e. Rij, was defined.
The correlation between LEs, i.e. Tkj, was also determined. As
mentioned before, the assessment of the relationships and correlations
in HOQ mainly relies on human judgment. Thus, this approach
proposes to exploit fuzzy logic as an effective means to
deal with them; in this way, both Rij and Tkj were expressed by
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