Retail management trainees. A longitudinal study of management
trainees in a large national retail sales organization was conducted by
Porter, Crampon, and Smith (1976) and Crampon, Mowday, Smith, and
Porter (Note 1). Subjects were all recent college graduates entering a 9- to
12-month training program. Questionnaires were administered at regular
intervals from the first day in the organization to 15 months of employ-
ment. A total of 212 trainees began the study, although the sample size
decreased substantially over the 15-month period due to involuntary
military leaves of absence among 56% of the trainees and a lesser amount
of voluntary turnover.