The modern construction industry is subject to a period of dramatic policy shift and priority change from a profit-charged business machine to a socioeconomic and environmentally driven organism. The construction industry is one of the largest consumers of composite materials, and natural fibre composites have been identified as a potential low-impact alternative to other synthetic composites. This chapter first classifies the diverse range of natural fibre composites in construction from particle/short fibre reinforced, long natural fibre reinforced, and nano (cellulose) composites to consolidated composites. The chapter then identifies their applications in various applications of building systems. The chapter thirdly explores the hierarchical structures of natural fibre, eg, wood, which works across a length scale of more than 1010 and hence provides an equivalent opportunity for various innovations. The chapter finally outlines innovations of natural fibre composites for future construction, from the fundamental interface of natural fibre and matrix, which is super lightweight, long-term, and durable, to full biocomposites with both natural fibres and biopolymers, as well as the development of intelligent and multifunctional composites