To promote life-long learning, we need to help students become self-directed, reflective learners. This requires directed practice that encourages student reflection about the learning process and how learning is being achieved. JiTT exercises typically include at least one question asking students to reflect on learning gaps uncovered in their pre-class preparation; in turn, instructors can use this knowledge to assist students in monitoring and assessing their own learning and seeking assistance to close those gaps when needed.