In order to investigate the removal capacity of the IVCW treating
domestic wastewater, two pilot-scale IVCWs, using different plants
(Typha orientalis and Arundo donax var. versicolor, Canna indica
and Pontederia cordata), were constructed and operated identically
under a hydraulic loading rate as high as 250 mm/d. The aims of
the study were to (1) evaluate the capacity and performance of
the IVCWs for domestic wastewater treatment at a high loading
rate, and (2) identify the main factors influencing pollutant removal
efficiencies of the IVCWs.