It is recommended that all CKD patients should be considered at high risk for developing acute kidney injury (AKI) (1A);
In CKD patients, more attention should be given when suffering from some other diseases, as well as when undergoing procedures that are known to increase the risk of AKI (no rating).
Several studies have shown a strong epidemiological association between CKD and AKI; CKD is a powerful predictor of acute decline in renal function after the use of iodinated contrast, major surgery and certain other conditions. Diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and proteinuria increase the likelihood of AKI development in hospitalized patients.