Technology. Technology always includes tools (and tools made by tools). I use a broader definition of technology, including processes and knowledge as well as the tools. Irrigation then is part of technology, and so are the rice varieties. There are five major packages of technology used in traditional rice agriculture in Southeast Asia: swidden, sawah, broadcast, swamp agriculture, and terraces. The latter three are not included in this study as we have only a tiny number of fragmentary studies, and none of them are well enough measured and documented.