Procedure
Part A – An introduction to PCM encoding using a static DC voltage
1. Gather a set of the equipment listed above.
2. Set up the scope as follows:
• the Trigger Source control is set to the CH1 (or INT) position.
• the Mode control is set to the CH1 position.
3. Locate the PCM Encoder module and set its Mode switch to the PCM position.
4. Connect the set-up shown in Figure 2 below.
Note: Insert the black plugs of the oscilloscope leads into a ground (GND) socket.
Figure 2
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The set-up in Figure 2 can be represented by the block diagram in Figure 3 below. The PCM
Encoder module is clocked by the Master Signals module’s 8kHz DIGITAL output. Its analog
input is connected to 0V DC.
Figure 3
5. Adjust the scope’s Timebase control to view three pulses of the PCM Encoder
module’s FS output.
6. Set the scope’s Slope control to the “-” position.
Setting the Slope control to the “-” position makes the scope start its sweep across the screen
when the FS signal goes from high to low instead of low to high. You can really notice the
difference between the two settings if you flip the scope’s Slope control back and forth. If you
do this, make sure that the Slope control finishes on the “-” position.
7. Adjust the scope’s Horizontal Position control so that the start of the trace aligns with
the left-most vertical line on the screen.
8. Set the scope’s Timebase control to the 0.1ms/div position
9. Adjust the scope’s Variable Sweep control until the FS signal looks like the signal in
Figure 4.
Note: This control is called different things on different scopes. If you can’t ind it or if you’re
not sure you have the right control, ask the instructor for assistance.
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Figure 4
Adjusting this scope’s control in this way will make it easier for you to draw the waveforms that
you’ll be asked to shortly. However, you should be aware that the screen’s horizontal divisions
are no-longer equal to the Timebase control’s setting. In other words, the scope’s Timebase is
no-longer calibrated. This is a problem when measuring the period of signals and so you must
return the control to its locked position at the end of the experiment.
10. Set the scope’s Mode control to the DUAL position to view the PCM Encoder
module’s CLK input as well as its FS output.
11. Draw the two waveforms to scale in the space provided on page 12-8 leaving
enough room for third digital signal.
Tip: Draw the clock signal in the upper third of the graph paper and the FS signal in the middle
third.
12. Connect the scope’s Channel 2 input to the PCM Encoder module’s output as
shown in Figure 5 below.
Remember: Dotted lines show leads already in place.
Figure 5
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This set-up can be represented by the block diagram in Figure 6 below. Channel 2 should now
display 10 bits of the PCM Encoder module’s data output. The first 8 bits belong to one frame
and the last two bits belong to the next frame.
Figure 6
13. Draw this waveform to scale in the space that you left on the graph paper.
Tip: If you’re having trouble triggering the CRO set its Trigger Source Coupling control to the HF
REJ position.