To test the model, valid measures of time management behaviors and perceived control over time were necessary. Several researchers have developed time-related scales. For example, the Time Structure Questionnaire (Bond & Feather, 1988) globally assesses the structure and purpose of time use (e.g., "Do you often feel that your life is aimless, with no definite purpose?"). On the other hand, the Future Perspective Scale (Bird & Jordan, 1987) measures a person's thoughts and feelings about future events (e.g., "My future will be an extremely busy time"). Recently, Landy et al. (1991) developed the Time Urgency Scale, a component of the Type A behavior pattern. None of these measures was developed to assess time management behaviors specifically. Although the Time Urgency Scale does incorporate some dimensions of time management (e.g., scheduling and list making), other key dimensions of time management (i.e., time saving and tolerance for tardiness) were deleted during the scale's development. The Time Management Behavior Scale (TMB; Macan et al., 1990), a self-report instrument, however, was designed to measure the extent to which people used various time management behaviors in their work situation and perceived themselves to have control over their time. The TMB was used in the present research.