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Being aware of one's audience is a crucial part of successful writing, whether you are writing an
e-mail to a friend, a memo to a business colleague, or formal paper for a class. Writers need to
consider what the audience's expectations are, what assumptions they can and can't make about
their audience, and what kind of attitude/personality comes through in their writing. Tone, a term
for your manner of expression in speech or writing, is another way of saying "attitude," as in the
attitude your readers perceive when they peruse your text. Many times, writers inadvertently
choose an inappropriate tone for their writing, which can cause misunderstandings and
frustration.
Tone exists in speech, too, but when you are speaking to someone else, your body language and
vocal inflections give cues about your attitude, so misunderstandings are less frequent. But
writing lacks those cues; with only the words on the page, you have to make your attitude clear
to your readers. This is no simple feat, and it might take some practice.
Imagine that you're hungry and looking for a friend to go to lunch with. How would you ask
that person to join you? Now imagine that you're asking your grandmother the same question.
What about your boss? A client? Your professor? The President? You would probably choose
different phrasing for each of these individuals. Why is that?
When you sit down to write, consider whether your audience falls into one of these categories (or
others you might have thought of). Try to choose language that seems appropriate for that
audience.
Academic writing typically requires a formal, professional tone. To make your writing more
formal and "academic-sounding," try some of the suggestions below.
g
Being aware of one's audience is a crucial part of successful writing, whether you are writing an
e-mail to a friend, a memo to a business colleague, or formal paper for a class. Writers need to
consider what the audience's expectations are, what assumptions they can and can't make about
their audience, and what kind of attitude/personality comes through in their writing. Tone, a term
for your manner of expression in speech or writing, is another way of saying "attitude," as in the
attitude your readers perceive when they peruse your text. Many times, writers inadvertently
choose an inappropriate tone for their writing, which can cause misunderstandings and
frustration.
Tone exists in speech, too, but when you are speaking to someone else, your body language and
vocal inflections give cues about your attitude, so misunderstandings are less frequent. But
writing lacks those cues; with only the words on the page, you have to make your attitude clear
to your readers. This is no simple feat, and it might take some practice.
Imagine that you're hungry and looking for a friend to go to lunch with. How would you ask
that person to join you? Now imagine that you're asking your grandmother the same question.
What about your boss? A client? Your professor? The President? You would probably choose
different phrasing for each of these individuals. Why is that?
When you sit down to write, consider whether your audience falls into one of these categories (or
others you might have thought of). Try to choose language that seems appropriate for that
audience.
Academic writing typically requires a formal, professional tone. To make your writing more
formal and "academic-sounding," try some of the suggestions below.
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