been raised with greater frequency, although the nature and extent of the
questions depend in no small measure on the presuppositions that underlie a
given school of thought. Accordingly, the purpose of this chapter is to review
the early history of organizational theory and behavior to understand how the
so-called Orthodox School adopted the traditional approach of inoral
neutrality and how later theorists attacked it. In rejecting the idea that
organizations can be structured or operated independently of ethical considerations, the new theorists have acknowledged-sometimes explicitly, sometimes not--that ethics are an integral component of organizational theory.