1 Etymology
2 Systematics and evolution
2.1 Living species and recent extinctions
2.2 Fossil genera
2.3 Taxonomy
2.4 Evolution
2.4.1 The basal fossils
2.4.2 Palaeeudyptines
2.4.3 Origin and systematics of modern penguins
2.4.4 Relationship to other bird orders
3 Anatomy and physiology
3.1 Isabelline penguins
4 Distribution and habitat
5 Behaviour
5.1 Breeding
6 Penguins and humans
6.1 In popular culture
7 References
8 Bibliography
9 External links