leveraged on information technology to standardize and enhance the knowledge of estimating,
price assessment, bidding, price comparison, construction management, price calculation, payment request, and cash
flow management. Similarly, the PMBOK Guide recognizes nine knowledge areas that are typical of almost all
projects (PMBOK Guide, 2008), namely integration management, scope management, time management, cost
management, quality management, human resource management, communications management, and
procurement management.