The majority of option valuation models include time value in their formulae; which most
commentators consider to be more appropriate valuations than the intrinsic value method adopted
by CAO.
PwC observes that if the time value had been taken into account, the company’s financial
statements would have reported a more realistic picture of the situation and it shows this by
recalculating the results of CAO’s option portfolio on what PwC considered a more representative
fair value basis. They go on to conclude that the “company’s reported earnings in 2004 were
therefore grossly inaccurate”