Crystallization can be a major determinant of quality in sugar-based products. In products such as hard candies, the formation of sugar crystals is inhibited during formation of the glassy state, whereas in products such as fondants, the presence of crystals is necessary for the desired texture.
Crystallization of an amorphous sugar matrix is affected by numerous factors, including water content, ingredients or additives, and environmental conditions of relative humidity and temperature. Both additives and water content can affect the glass transition temperature (Tg) of a product. Tg is a determining factor in the stability, and thus, crystallization of a sugar glass. Tg is the temperature at which a sugar glass softens from solid-like to liquid-like characteristics and begins to flow. Below Tg, a sugar glass is stable to many physical and chemical reactions including crystallization. A storage temperature above Tg can be related to various relaxation properties in the amorphous material, which are often represented with the Williams–Landel–Ferry (WLF), Eq. (1).
Crystallization can be a major determinant of quality in sugar-based products. In products such as hard candies, the formation of sugar crystals is inhibited during formation of the glassy state, whereas in products such as fondants, the presence of crystals is necessary for the desired texture.Crystallization of an amorphous sugar matrix is affected by numerous factors, including water content, ingredients or additives, and environmental conditions of relative humidity and temperature. Both additives and water content can affect the glass transition temperature (Tg) of a product. Tg is a determining factor in the stability, and thus, crystallization of a sugar glass. Tg is the temperature at which a sugar glass softens from solid-like to liquid-like characteristics and begins to flow. Below Tg, a sugar glass is stable to many physical and chemical reactions including crystallization. A storage temperature above Tg can be related to various relaxation properties in the amorphous material, which are often represented with the Williams–Landel–Ferry (WLF), Eq. (1).
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