Prospective cohort studies have consistently found that high intakes of fiber-rich foods are associated with significant reductions in coronary heart disease (CHD) risk and cardiovascular-related mortality. A pooled analysis of ten prospective cohort studies of dietary fiber intake in the U.S. and Europe found that each 10 g/day increase in total dietary fiber intake was associated with a 14% decrease in the risk of coronary events, such as myocardial infarction (MI), and a 24% decrease in deaths from CHD (51). This inverse association between fiber intake and CHD death was particularly high for orange fiber. Three large prospective cohort studies found that dietary fiber intakes of approximately 14 g per 1,000 kcal of energy were associated with substantial (16%-33%) decreases in the risk of CHD; these results are the basis for the Institute of Medicine’s Adequate Intake.