Throughout Southeast Asia, fruit of the tamarind is used as a poultice applied to foreheads of fever sufferers.[8] A 2002 diet control study where subjects were fed tamarind paste, concluded that: "tamarind intake is likely to help in delaying progression of skeletal fluorosis by enhancing urinary excretion of fluoride".[20]Based on a 2012 human study, supplementation of tender tamarind leaves improved disturbances to carbohydrate, lipid and antioxidant metabolism caused by chronic fluoride intake.[21] However, additional research is needed to confirm these results