This kind of first impression of the Swedish educational world captures much of the basic preconditions for pedagogical work in Sweden, since there has always been a large component of central control and homogeneity in the Swedish educational system. But there has also been a fundamental difference that has permeated schools. In the tension between these two poles, the teacher develops his knowledge.
The Swedish educational system has its roots in a society of great uniformity (Hartman 1994). The elementary school was established in a fairly compact, Lutheran, uniform culture. Even when secularisation lessened the influence of the Church, the culture was still fairly closed. Since World War II, however, pluralism has grown at an ever-increasing rate. For the school system this has meant that certain basics have changed. A school class of the 1940s looked entirely different from a typical class of the 1980s, not to mention the school life in the big cities at the beginning of the third millennium. Greater social mobility, more secularisation, and increased immigration partly explain the new situation.
The model sketched in Figure 1 illustrates this change. It indicates a shift from position l to position 2, from a centrally governed school system to one that, while it is still centralistic regarding content at least, has to operate in a pluralistic society. This change certainly went on for a long time, but was not fully visible until after World War II.
This kind of first impression of the Swedish educational world captures much of the basic preconditions for pedagogical work in Sweden, since there has always been a large component of central control and homogeneity in the Swedish educational system. But there has also been a fundamental difference that has permeated schools. In the tension between these two poles, the teacher develops his knowledge. The Swedish educational system has its roots in a society of great uniformity (Hartman 1994). The elementary school was established in a fairly compact, Lutheran, uniform culture. Even when secularisation lessened the influence of the Church, the culture was still fairly closed. Since World War II, however, pluralism has grown at an ever-increasing rate. For the school system this has meant that certain basics have changed. A school class of the 1940s looked entirely different from a typical class of the 1980s, not to mention the school life in the big cities at the beginning of the third millennium. Greater social mobility, more secularisation, and increased immigration partly explain the new situation. The model sketched in Figure 1 illustrates this change. It indicates a shift from position l to position 2, from a centrally governed school system to one that, while it is still centralistic regarding content at least, has to operate in a pluralistic society. This change certainly went on for a long time, but was not fully visible until after World War II.
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