Hypotheses for research question 1
H1: Hospitalized Thai school age children 8 to 11 years old, who receive
the PPPI, have significantly less anxiety/fear the evening before
surgery (post-intervention) than the first hour after admission
(pre-intervention)
H 2: Hospitalized Thai school age children 8 to 11 years old, who receive
standard preoperative preparation, have the same or greater
anxiety/fear the evening before surgery than the first hour after admission
Hypothesis for research question 2
H 3: Hospitalized Thai school age children 8 to 11 years old, who receive the
PPPI, have significantly less anxiety/fear the evening before surgery (post-
intervention) than those in the control group controlling for state-
and trait anxiety, and fear from Child Medical Fear Scale (CMFS) at pre-
intervention, the child’s age, and the child’s use of meditation