Foster Generative Processing
Table 4 summarizes four principles aimed at fostering generative processing: the personalization, voice,
embodiment, and image principles. The table specifies the number of experimental tests in which
positive results were obtained and provides the median effect size based on a meta-analysis by Mayer
(in press-b). These principles are intended to use social cues to prime the learner’s motivation to exert
effort to make sense of the material. Social cues in a multimedia message such as conversational style,