Vascular smooth muscle cells and endothelial cells
express receptors for vitamin D, enabling conversion of
calcidiol to calcitriol [12], and vitamin D is involved in regulation
of growth and proliferation of smooth muscle cells and
cardiomyocytes [12, 33, 34]. Vitamin D inhibits proliferation
of vascular smooth muscle cells by acute influx of calcium
into the cell and increases calcification of smoothmuscle cells