However, few, if any, previous works have ever directly compared the fluxes of greenhouse gases between invasive marshes and mangrove forests. In this study, highly invasive Spartina had much higher emission of both CH4 and N2O than
native Kandelia forest and even higher than exotic Sonneratia forest, suggesting that the further shifts of coastal vegetation from mangrove forests to invasive marshes might convert local wetland soils to a significant atmospheric source of trace greenhouse gases