2.1. Reference muffin formulation and preparation
Ingredients, batter preparation and baking of reference muffins (REF) have been described previously (Zahn, Pepke, & Rohm, 2010). For each formulation (Table 1), 2 independent experiments were performed. After baking of 50 _ 0.3 g batter in paper cups, the muffins were allowed to cool to room temperature, and stored in plastic bags until analysis (18e24 h after baking).