This book is an account of a wide investigation into the story of the ruffed grouse, mainly in New York State, and covers a very broad field of observations. Included in it is a chapter dealing with its diseases, some of which have helminth parasites as their cause. Though the ruffed grouse may be host to 27 helminth species, there is no evidence that any one has a strong causative relationship with the fluctuations in numbers of the bird and no one malady can rightly be termed "grouse disease". Dispharynx spiralis causes many deaths, particularly during autumn and winter: no other helminth species appears to be responsible for the deaths of many birds. Cestodes and sundry intestinal nematodes occur frequently but appear to be harmless. Gapeworm is rare, occurring in less than 1% of the young birds examined* [Compare Edminster, No. 682 below.] P.A.C.
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