Informal Education & Youth Work
by Sean Harte
http://youthworkcentral.tripod.com/seaninf.htm
“Critically examine the view that informal education is based around conversation and formal education on curriculum. Is there a role for curriculum within informal education?”
This essay will explore and critically assess the philosophical notions of formal and informal education. It will be shown that historically and politically formal education has been, and continues to be, tied to the notion of curriculum. It will be argued that curriculum work in formal educational settings has created methods which are discriminatory and oppressive in their conception, and importantly in the testing which is inextricably linked with curricular process. It will thus be shown that by design rather than inadvertent consequence of curricular development, formal education is a controlling mechanism reinforcing and reproducing oppressive social hegemony.
Conversely it will be shown that informal education, through the use of conversation or dialogue can be seen as a democratic tool and one which is capable of challenging the status quo, and may aid in the emancipation of the oppressed.
It will thus be argued that informal education, if it is to continue to be a libertarian and democratic mechanism, cannot and must not accept curriculum. Indeed it will be shown that if informal education was to accept curriculum it would, by definition, no longer be informal education. However, it will also be discussed thatpure informal education is a very rare experience, particularly when discussed in the context of the youth worker. Therefore a synopsis of the amalgamation of curricular work and informal education will be briefly discussed. It is emphasised that this discussion is based on the use of a curriculum alongside conversation and dialogue and that curriculum is not seen to be within the remit of informal education.
Formal Education: Tied to Curriculum?
A plethora of conflicting academic text exists which attempts to define, analyse and evaluate the `keyword` (Goodson, 1995) of curriculum within formal education. As such, it is difficult to provide an absolute definition of what is understood by this complex and problematic notion.
Beauchamp describes three crucial meanings for the word curriculum within education and these provide a sound foundation of understanding for further discussion. Curriculum may be seen as a plan consisting of learning experiences for school pupils, here it may be described as an elaborate document including objectives, activities, instructional materials and schedules. A second use of curriculum is as a system or dynamic framework existing in order to implement, appraise and modify learning experiences. The third use of curriculum is described as a synonym for an area of professional study (Beauchamp, 1968).
เป็นการศึกษาและงานเยาวชน โดยฌอน Hartehttp://youthworkcentral.tripod.com/seaninf.htm"เหลือตรวจสอบดูว่า การศึกษาเป็นอยู่สนทนาและศึกษาในหลักสูตรอย่างเป็นทางการ มีบทบาทสำหรับหลักสูตรภายในอย่างไม่เป็นทางการศึกษาหรือไม่"บทความครั้งนี้จะสำรวจ และประเมินถึงความเข้าใจปรัชญาของการศึกษาอย่างเป็นทางการ และไม่เป็นทางการ มันจะถูกแสดงว่า ศึกษาประวัติ และทางการเมืองอย่างเป็นทางแล้ว และยังได้ เชื่อมโยงกับแนวคิดของหลักสูตร มันจะได้โต้เถียงว่า งานหลักสูตรทางการศึกษาการตั้งค่ามีสร้างวิธีที่โจ่งแจ้ง และกดขี่ ในความคิดของพวกเขา และที่สำคัญ ในการทดสอบซึ่งจะเชื่อมโยงกับกระบวนการเสริม inextricably มันจะดังแสดง โดยออกแบบมากกว่าสัจจะโดยเสริมพัฒนา ศึกษาอย่างเป็นทางว่ากลไกควบคุมภาคเอกชน และทำการกดขี่ทางสังคมนับถือในทางกลับกัน มันจะถูกแสดงที่ศึกษาไม่เป็นทางการ โดยใช้บทสนทนาหรือบทสนทนาสามารถมองเห็นเครื่องมือประชาธิปไตยและที่จะสามารถท้าทายสภาพ และอาจช่วยในการเลิกที่อ่อนแอIt will thus be argued that informal education, if it is to continue to be a libertarian and democratic mechanism, cannot and must not accept curriculum. Indeed it will be shown that if informal education was to accept curriculum it would, by definition, no longer be informal education. However, it will also be discussed thatpure informal education is a very rare experience, particularly when discussed in the context of the youth worker. Therefore a synopsis of the amalgamation of curricular work and informal education will be briefly discussed. It is emphasised that this discussion is based on the use of a curriculum alongside conversation and dialogue and that curriculum is not seen to be within the remit of informal education.Formal Education: Tied to Curriculum?A plethora of conflicting academic text exists which attempts to define, analyse and evaluate the `keyword` (Goodson, 1995) of curriculum within formal education. As such, it is difficult to provide an absolute definition of what is understood by this complex and problematic notion.Beauchamp describes three crucial meanings for the word curriculum within education and these provide a sound foundation of understanding for further discussion. Curriculum may be seen as a plan consisting of learning experiences for school pupils, here it may be described as an elaborate document including objectives, activities, instructional materials and schedules. A second use of curriculum is as a system or dynamic framework existing in order to implement, appraise and modify learning experiences. The third use of curriculum is described as a synonym for an area of professional study (Beauchamp, 1968).
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