The concentration of glucose, glycerol, ethanol, acetic and succinic acidwas determined using a Surveyor Plus liquid chromatograph (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA) equipped with a refraction index and a photodiode array detector (Surveyor RI Plus and Surveyor PDA
Plus, respectively) on a 300 × 7.7 mm HyperREZ™ XP Carbohydrate H+ (8 μm particle size) column and guard (Thermo Fisher Scientific).