Increased understanding that TVET can only be reformed within an integrated labour
market-centred approach, including employment services, TVET and career guidance,
labour market analysis (LMA) and labour market information systems (LMIS).
■ Enhanced role and functions of qualification frameworks in TVET provisions as one
tool within the building blocks for TVET reform.
■ Increased responsiveness to technological changes in TVET provisions.
■ Growing importance of appropriate combinations of school and work-based TVET,
including formal and informal apprenticeship programmes.
■ Shift from a concept of ―trainability‖ to ―employability‖ in TVET.
■ Innovations in new learning theories (learning in ―holistic‖ real-work and real-life
contexts) with implications for TVET students, teachers and managers.
■ Development of core skills as building blocks for lifelong learning in TVET and the
capability to a change.
■ Incorporating entrepreneurship in TVET, including for women entrepreneurs, so as to
build awareness of self-employment and small business development as post-training
livelihood options.
■ Increased importance of vocational research, e.g. for shaping TVET policies.
■ Importance of TVET institutions‘ autonomy in the delivery of relevant TVET linked
with accountability for training results.
■ Capabilities to anticipate future skills needs and to adjust existing TVET systems to
prepare for future jobs, including institutions to link employers and training providers
and to integrate education and training in national and sector development strategies.
■ Social dialogue in the process of establishing and reforming TVET systems.
■ New concepts in training of teachers and trainers for TVET.