Primary outcomes
Maternal outcomes
Length of labour
Rate of caesarean section or instrumental vaginal birth
Neonatal outcomes
Baby born before arrival at hospital or unplanned home birth
Secondary outcomes
Maternal outcomes
Serious maternal morbidity (e.g., uterine rupture, admission to intensive care unit, septicaemia, postpartum haemorrhage (defined by trialist))
Augmentation of labour
Use of epidural or any regional anaesthesia
Prolonged labour (defined by trialist)
Duration of hospital stay (antenatal, postnatal)
Maternal satisfaction (intrapartum, postpartum) with the childbirth (defined by trialist)
Postpartum depression (defined by trialist)
Neonatal outcomes
Perinatal death (stillbirth and/or early neonatal death)
Neonatal admission to special care and/or intensive care unit
Apgar score at five minutes less than seven
Exclusive breastfeeding at discharge
Exclusive breastfeeding at three months