Throughout the observation period, it became apparent that Adam utilises reform- orientated teaching practices that are aligned with constructivist approaches to learning. That is, he scaffolds the students' learning through small sequenced steps, always giving the students ownership of their learning by encouraging them to make discoveries for themselves. His method is based on giving students experiences, which hopefully leads them to discover new concepts. This is different to a more traditional form of teaching, in which teachers present or 'tell' stories about a new concept and then give them experiences to consolidate that new concept. For example, in teaching the students to read music, Adam used songs that the students already knew from singing. Therefore, when they played the written notes on the recorder, they recognised the tune and could tell if a note had the incorrect timing.