I. INTRODUCTION THE term “big data” has become a buzzword in recent years, with its usage frequency having doubled each year in the last few years according to common search engines. Fig. 1 illustrates the fast increase in the number of publications referring to “big data,” regardless of disciplines, as well as those in the healthcare domain. Although the popularity of big data is recent, the underlying challenges have existed long before and have been actively pursued in health research. Big data in health is concerned with meaningful datasets that are too big, too fast, and too complex for healthcare providers to process and interpret with existing tools. It is driven by continuingeffortinmakinghealthservicesmoreefficientandsustainable given the demands of a constantly expanding population with an inverted age pyramid, as well as the paradigm shift of