With regard to firmness and weight loss, it was found that boththe commercial wax and the CMC/chitosan bilayer coatings barelyaffected the firmness of mandarins, slightly increased the firmnessof ‘Star Ruby’ grapefruit, but significantly increased the firmness of‘Navel’ oranges (Fig. 2A). Regarding fruit weight loss, we obtainedvaried evaluation results: with ‘Or’ mandarins, both the commercialand the bilayer coatings slightly reduced weight loss rates from5.5% in control untreated fruit to just 4.6–4.7% (Fig. 2B); with ‘Mor’mandarins, weight loss of the commercial-wax-coated fruit did notdiffer from that of the controls, whereas the bilayer coating slightlyincreased weight loss from 3.8% in control fruit to 4.4% (Fig. 2B); inoranges and grapefruit, the commercial wax significantly reduced