a variety of sadistic medical experiments were conducted on un willing participants some examples include breaking and rebreaking of bones(to see how many times they could be broken be fore healing failed to occur)and exposure to extremes of high altitude and freezing water(to see how long a person could survive)when these and other atrocities came to light,some of those responsible were tried for their crimes at Nuremberg in 1947 out of these trials came the Nuremberg code a set of 10 guidelines for the ethical treatment of human participants in research.it is reprinted here in