creasingly, however, research was showing that the shared governance structures found in Magnet hospitals were leading to positive health outcomes for patients (e.g., Aiken, 2002). Magnet status, a designation of the ANA American Nurses Credentialing Center, was based on stringent criteria. These criteria were based on the ANA Scope and Standards for Nurse Administrators (American Nurses Association, 1996) and on 14 "Forces of Magnetism.