In terms of theoretical
level of analysis
(see Exhibit 10), 42
studies combined team
and firm level of
analysis in their
theoretical development
and only four focused
simply on the top
management team
level. It must be noted,
however, that these two theoretical levels may equal one in multilevel modeling as
there is only one top management team per firm and while top management teams are
clearly nested in their organizations, the question of level equality still remains open.
Only nine of the 60 studies delved into individual level theoretical constructs, two of
which combined individual with team level of analysis and seven bridging individual
with team and firm levels. Five studies looked beyond the organizational boundaries
and applied industry level in combination with firm and team levels of analysis in
their theoretical grounding