Biomass crystallinity was measured by using Powder X-ray Dif- fractometer (X’pert-PRO, PANalytical B.V., Netherlands) operated at 40 kV and tube current of 40 mA. The samples was scanned at 12°/min from 2h = 4°–45°with a step size of 0.0170. The wave- length of the Cu/Ka radiation source was 0.154 nm. The crystallin- ity as expressed by crystallinity index (CrI) was calculated according to the following formula