Fourth, realists advise that a country should neither waste us power on peripheral goals nor pursue goals that it does not have the power achieve. This frequently makes realists reluctant warriors to not warmongers, as they are sometimes portrayed. Morgenthau for instance, criticized U.S. volvement in the war in Vietnam as a waste of resources in a tangential area. Many realist scholars also opposed the invasion of Iraq in 2003, arguing accurately that I was not an immediate threat and, therefore, "Even if such a wtr goes well and has positive long-range consequences, it will still have been unnecessary And if it goes badly. whether in the form of high U.S. significant civilian deaths, a heightened risk of terrorism, or increased hatred of the United States in the Arab and Islamic world-then its architects will have even more to answer for" (Mearsheimer & Walt, 2003:58). More generally, one realist scholar claims, "America's realists [have] warned of the dangers that a hegemonic United States would over-reach itself and, by asserting its power heavy-handedly, provoke opposition to i (Layne, 2006:46)