1. Scientific knowledge is empirically based
2. Scientific knowledge is both reliable and tentative.
3. Scientific knowledge is the product of observation and inference.
4. Scientific knowledge is the product of creative thinking.
5. Scientific laws and theories are different kinds of scientific knowledge.
6. Scientists use many methods to develop scientific knowledge.
7. Science is a social activity that possesses inherent subjectivity.
A scientific law is a description of a generalized relationship or pattern, based on many observations. Scientific laws describe what happens in the natural world and are often (but not always) expressed in mathematical terms. Scientific laws are simply descriptive—they provide no explanation for why a phenomenon occurs. For example, under relatively normal conditions, close to room temperature and pressure, Boyle’s law describes the relationship between the pressure and volume of a gas. Boyle’s law states that at constant temperature, the pressure of a gas is inversely proportional to its volume. The law expresses a relationship that describes what happens under specific conditions, but offers no explanation for why it happens. Explanations for why this relationship exists require theory. Scientific theories are well-supported explanations for scientific phenomenon. Theories offer explanations for why a phenomenon occurs. For example, the kinetic molecular theory explains the relationship expressed by Boyle’s law in terms of the inherent motion of the molecular particles that make up gases. Scientific theories and laws are similar in that both require substantial evidence before they are generally accepted by scientists. Additionally, either can change with new evidence. However, since theories and laws constitute two different types of scientific knowledge, one cannot change into the other.
1. Scientific knowledge is empirically based
2. Scientific knowledge is both reliable and tentative.
3. Scientific knowledge is the product of observation and inference.
4. Scientific knowledge is the product of creative thinking.
5. Scientific laws and theories are different kinds of scientific knowledge.
6. Scientists use many methods to develop scientific knowledge.
7. Science is a social activity that possesses inherent subjectivity.
A scientific law is a description of a generalized relationship or pattern, based on many observations. Scientific laws describe what happens in the natural world and are often (but not always) expressed in mathematical terms. Scientific laws are simply descriptive—they provide no explanation for why a phenomenon occurs. For example, under relatively normal conditions, close to room temperature and pressure, Boyle’s law describes the relationship between the pressure and volume of a gas. Boyle’s law states that at constant temperature, the pressure of a gas is inversely proportional to its volume. The law expresses a relationship that describes what happens under specific conditions, but offers no explanation for why it happens. Explanations for why this relationship exists require theory. Scientific theories are well-supported explanations for scientific phenomenon. Theories offer explanations for why a phenomenon occurs. For example, the kinetic molecular theory explains the relationship expressed by Boyle’s law in terms of the inherent motion of the molecular particles that make up gases. Scientific theories and laws are similar in that both require substantial evidence before they are generally accepted by scientists. Additionally, either can change with new evidence. However, since theories and laws constitute two different types of scientific knowledge, one cannot change into the other.
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