To transform the planning and delivery of urban transport, Malaysia may consider prioritizing the following reforms: (a) Establish lead transport agencies at the metropolitan level to spearhead integrated approaches towards the planning and delivery of both public and private urban transport; (b) Identify and implement sustainable financing mechanisms; and (c) align public transport with incentives to discourage the use of private transport in congested areas, as London, Singapore and other major world cities have done successfully. Introducing congestion charges, user fees and gasoline taxes would not only result in environmental gains but could also trim the fiscal deficit by as much as RM19 billion.