3. Results and discussion
The results of the selective enumeration of L. acidophilus from
yoghurt using different culture media are shown in Table 3. It was
observed that both MRSB and MRSC were selective for enumeration
of L. acidophilus, inhibiting the growth of L. bulgaricus and
S. thermophilus. For enumeration of L. bulgaricus, the medium RCA
pH 5.3 incubated at 45 C under anaerobic conditions was
considered effective, since the other cultures were inhibited under
these conditions. With respect to the enumeration of
S. thermophilus, ST agar incubated at 30 C under anaerobic conditions
was selective, since no growth of lactobacilli strains was
observed.
For the selective enumeration of L. acidophilus from Prato
cheese, the MRSS incubated at 45 C for 72 h under anaerobic
conditions was effectively selective, once it was observed development
of the pure culture of L. acidophilus and inhibition of Lactococcus
lactis (Table 4). For enumeration of Lactococcus lactis, M17
supplemented with lactose and incubated at 30 C under anaerobic
conditions was selective because only Lactococcus lactis strains
were able to develop in high counts under these conditionsAs shown in Table 4, Lactococcus lactis strains were able to grow
in MRSB and MRS þ S media in high counts. This can lead to the
statement that the MRSB and MRS þ S media were not selective for
L. acidophilus La5 in the presence of L. lactis in Prato cheese. The
addition of 1.5% bile to the culture medium was not able to inhibit
L. lactis. Although the sensitivity of lactococci strains to bile salts is
reported in literature, this characteristic is strain dependent
(Begley, Gahan, & Hill, 2005), which may explain the variability in
results using this culture medium for different microorganisms. In
contrast, the addition of bile in MRS agar was able to inhibit the
yoghurt starter culture, thus being considered selective for
enumeration of L. acidophilus from these products (Table 3). Based
on experimental results, we conclude that the high counts in the
Prato cheese (>9.0 log CFU/mL) when the culture media MRSB and
MRS þ S were used, have probably included Lactococcus lactis
strains, and may have also included other microorganisms such as
NSLAB. This conclusion was supported by colony morphology and
microscopic observations (data not shown). Oberg et al. (2011) also
observed the non-selectivity of MRS-S for enumeration of
L. acidophilus from cheese.
The replacement of glucose by sorbitol in MRS agar should
inhibit the development of the lactic acid bacteria, since these
microorganisms cannot ferment sorbitol, such as S. thermophilus
strains (Hardie & Whiley, 2006). However, this behavior was not
verified in this study, since pure cultures of Lactococcus lactis, L.
bulgaricus and S. thermophilus have developed in the culture medium
containing sorbitol at 37 C (L. lactis) or 45 C (yoghurt cultures).
Possibly the unusual growth of these strains in the presence
of sorbitol could be explained by culture rotation, which is a
technique performed by several industrial manufacturers of cultures
in order to control bacteriophages. The inhibition of Lactococcus
lactis in MRSS agar incubated at 45 C suggests that the
incubation temperature was responsible for the lack of development
in this medium as Lactococcus lactis does not grow at 45 C
(Nomura, Kobayashi, Narita, Kimoto-Nira, & Okamoto, 2006;
Teuber & Geis, 2006). The incubation temperature was also
responsible for the inhibition of L. acidophilus in M17 agar at 30 C
from cheeses (Table 4), since this microorganism has the optimum
growth temperature between 35 and 40 C (Hammes & Hertel,
2006; IDF, 1995). The selectivity of the M17 agar is also related to
the inhibitory effect of sodium glycerophosphate on different lactobacilli
strains (Shankar & Davies, 1977). This inhibitory effect was
confirmed by the lower counts of pure cultures of L. acidophilus in
M17 incubated at 37 C (Table 4) or 45 C (Table 3), and L. bulgaricus
in M17 incubated at 45 C (Table 3).
The addition of clindamycin to the MRS agar did not inhibit the
Lactococcus lactis strains in the probiotic cheese. Ammor, Florez,
and Mayo (2007) reported that despite this genus exhibits susceptibility
to different groups of antibiotics, some strains have
shown resistant to clindamycin, as well as bacteria belonging to the
genus Lactobacillus (Table 4).
Comparing the results using the culture medium RCA pH 5.3 and
MRS at pH 5.2 (Table 4), we concluded that the components of RCA
are capable of inhibiting the growth of L. acidophilus and
S. thermophilus. In contrast, the decrease in pH of MRS agar to 5.2
was not sufficient to inhibit these microorganisms. Moreover, the
temperature and the conditions of incubation were the same for
both culture media, evidencing that the MRS agar at pH 5.2 was not
selective for the enumeration of L. bulgaricus from the probiotic
yoghurt under the conditions studied, since other strains that may
be present in yoghurt are able to grow in this culture medium.
Importantly, although literature reports different selective
methodologies for evaluation of microorganisms in probiotic
products, there is a need to test the culture media, once the
selectivity is directly related to the presence of other strains.
3. Results and discussionThe results of the selective enumeration of L. acidophilus fromyoghurt using different culture media are shown in Table 3. It wasobserved that both MRSB and MRSC were selective for enumerationof L. acidophilus, inhibiting the growth of L. bulgaricus andS. thermophilus. For enumeration of L. bulgaricus, the medium RCApH 5.3 incubated at 45 C under anaerobic conditions wasconsidered effective, since the other cultures were inhibited underthese conditions. With respect to the enumeration ofS. thermophilus, ST agar incubated at 30 C under anaerobic conditionswas selective, since no growth of lactobacilli strains wasobserved.For the selective enumeration of L. acidophilus from Pratocheese, the MRSS incubated at 45 C for 72 h under anaerobicconditions was effectively selective, once it was observed developmentof the pure culture of L. acidophilus and inhibition of Lactococcuslactis (Table 4). For enumeration of Lactococcus lactis, M17supplemented with lactose and incubated at 30 C under anaerobicconditions was selective because only Lactococcus lactis strainswere able to develop in high counts under these conditionsAs shown in Table 4, Lactococcus lactis strains were able to growin MRSB and MRS þ S media in high counts. This can lead to thestatement that the MRSB and MRS þ S media were not selective forL. acidophilus La5 in the presence of L. lactis in Prato cheese. Theaddition of 1.5% bile to the culture medium was not able to inhibitL. lactis. Although the sensitivity of lactococci strains to bile salts isreported in literature, this characteristic is strain dependent(Begley, Gahan, & Hill, 2005), which may explain the variability inresults using this culture medium for different microorganisms. Incontrast, the addition of bile in MRS agar was able to inhibit theyoghurt starter culture, thus being considered selective forenumeration of L. acidophilus from these products (Table 3). Basedon experimental results, we conclude that the high counts in thePrato cheese (>9.0 log CFU/mL) when the culture media MRSB andMRS þ S were used, have probably included Lactococcus lactisstrains, and may have also included other microorganisms such asNSLAB. This conclusion was supported by colony morphology andmicroscopic observations (data not shown). Oberg et al. (2011) alsoobserved the non-selectivity of MRS-S for enumeration ofL. acidophilus from cheese.The replacement of glucose by sorbitol in MRS agar shouldinhibit the development of the lactic acid bacteria, since thesemicroorganisms cannot ferment sorbitol, such as S. thermophilusstrains (Hardie & Whiley, 2006). However, this behavior was notverified in this study, since pure cultures of Lactococcus lactis, L.bulgaricus and S. thermophilus have developed in the culture mediumcontaining sorbitol at 37 C (L. lactis) or 45 C (yoghurt cultures).อาจจะเจริญเติบโตผิดปกติของสายพันธุ์เหล่านี้ในการของซอร์บิทอลสามารถถูกอธิบาย โดยวัฒนธรรมหมุน ซึ่งเป็นการเทคนิคในการดำเนินการ โดยผู้ผลิตอุตสาหกรรมหลายวัฒนธรรมเพื่อควบคุม bacteriophages ยับยั้งการ Lactococcuslactis ใน agar MRSS incubated ที่ 45 C แนะนำที่อุณหภูมิบ่มเพาะวิสาหกิจรับผิดชอบขาดการพัฒนาในนี้เป็น Lactococcus lactis ไม่เติบโตที่ 45 C(พัฒนสิน โคะบะยะชิ นาริตะ Kimoto Nira และ Okamoto, 2006Teuber & Geis, 2006) อุณหภูมิบ่มได้ยังรับผิดชอบในการยับยั้ง L. acidophilus ใน agar M17 ที่ 30 Cจากเนยแข็ง (ตาราง 4), เนื่องจากนี้ยังมีราคาเหมาะสมเจริญเติบโตอุณหภูมิประมาณ 35-40 C (Hammes และ Hertelปี 2006 , 1995 IDF) บาง วิธีของ M17 agar ยังเกี่ยวข้องกับผลลิปกลอสไขของโซเดียม glycerophosphate lactobacilli แตกต่างกันสายพันธุ์ (แชงการ์และเดวีส์ 1977) ลักษณะพิเศษนี้ลิปกลอสไขได้ยืนยัน โดยการตรวจนับต่ำกว่าวัฒนธรรมบริสุทธิ์ของ L. acidophilus ในM17 incubated ที่ 37 C (ตาราง 4) หรือ 45 C (ตาราง 3), และ L. bulgaricusใน M17 incubated ที่ C 45 (ตาราง 3)ไม่ได้ยับยั้งแห่ง clindamycin เพื่อ agar นางแบบLactococcus lactis สายพันธุ์ในชีโปรไบโอติกส์ Ammor, Fl orezและ Mayo (2007) รายงานว่า พืชสกุลนี้แม้มีการจัดแสดงภูมิไวรับกลุ่มของยาปฏิชีวนะ บางสายพันธุ์มีแสดงทนต่อ clindamycin รวมทั้งแบคทีเรียที่อยู่ในgenus Lactobacillus (Table 4).Comparing the results using the culture medium RCA pH 5.3 andMRS at pH 5.2 (Table 4), we concluded that the components of RCAare capable of inhibiting the growth of L. acidophilus andS. thermophilus. In contrast, the decrease in pH of MRS agar to 5.2was not sufficient to inhibit these microorganisms. Moreover, thetemperature and the conditions of incubation were the same forboth culture media, evidencing that the MRS agar at pH 5.2 was notselective for the enumeration of L. bulgaricus from the probioticyoghurt under the conditions studied, since other strains that maybe present in yoghurt are able to grow in this culture medium.Importantly, although literature reports different selectivemethodologies for evaluation of microorganisms in probioticproducts, there is a need to test the culture media, once theselectivity is directly related to the presence of other strains.
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