Similar to the experience in the U.S., most fishermen would not voluntarily use TEDs to protect sea turtles; in some northern ports use was 0-20% and in others it was as high as 50 80%. Fishers used TEDs when they perceived a benefit to their use(turtle or jellyfish exclusion) or when they were used with no adverse impact. When finfish bycatch was the issue, once the best devices were identified through testing, 50-100% of the fishers voluntarily used them. When undersized prawns were the issue, virtually all fishers adopted TEDs. When prawn fishers had a vested interest, such as in the southern fisheries, the problem did not first have to be quantified; the researchers could skip directly to the testing phase and involve the immediately and directly. When fishers did not have a vested interest such as in the northern fisheries, even after the problem was quantified, most still were not all willing to use TEDs. In the case of New South Wales, the response was intermediate. Although bycatch reduction was being driven from outside the fish because industry was involved at an earlier stage than for the northern fishermen in gear development and testing, a greater proportion us the sooner(1999) concluded that the sooner and more fully industry is involved of and greater voluntary acceptance will be. In all cases, however, the government for Australia legislated, over a of 3 years, the use of TEDs selectively, either turtle exclusion or bycatch reduction. TED use in the Queensland east coast fishery began in selected areas in 1999 and their use in the northern prawn fishery w mandatory in 2000