Previous research has shown the
combination of words and pictures leads to
better learning than from words alone (Mayer
& Gallini, 1990; Clark & Pavio, 1991; Pavio,
1986; Pavio, 1990). Further, it has been long
established that a person’s memory for pictures isbetter than memory for words alone (McDaneial
& Pressley, 1987; Pavio, 1986; Standing,
Conezio, Haber, 1970). This