Forging processes are suitable for cost-effectivemanufacturingwith
high reliabilitywhere a certain strength of the steel products is required.
Forged parts are commonly found at shock and stress exposed
applications. Typical automotive applications are wheel spindles, axle
shafts, torsion bars, ball studs or idler arms. Other applications are found
in modern diesel injection systems where increasing nozzle pressures
have led to high strength requirements for the parts [14].