For the game of repeated Prisoner’s Dilemma, effective strategies have been shown to be retaliatory, forgiving, cooperative, and clear. This suggests that repeated two-person interactions may in fact encourage socially responsible strategies. Unfortunately, the n person aggression game always rewards creating a scapegoat, never defending one. If all players could find alternate outlets for aggression, this game might be avoided entirely, but ironically, anything that reduces an individual’s apparent aggression also makes him a more likely recipient of others’ aggression. The choice of reducing one’s aggression level then becomes a case of n-player Prisoner’s Dilemma, which greatly discourages cooperation. Philip D. Straffin, Game Theory and Strategy, Washington: MAA, 1993, ch.12, 21.