The paper deals with an experimental study of the influence of conical-nozzle turbulator inserts on heat transfer and friction
characteristics in a circular tube. In the present work, the turbulators are placed in the test tube section with two different types: (1)
diverging nozzle arrangement (D-nozzle turbulator) and (2) converging nozzle arrangement (C-nozzle turbulator). The turbulators are
thoroughly inserted inside the tube with various pitch ratios, PR=2.0, 4.0, and 7.0. The Reynolds number based on the bulk average
properties of the air is in a range of 8000 to 18,000 and the experimental data obtained are compared with those obtained from the plain
tube and from the literature. The experimental results reveal that increasing the Reynolds number at a given pitch ratio of the turbulators
leads to the significant increase in Nusselt number indicating enhanced heat transfer coefficient due to rising convection as the flow
increases. However, the friction factor at a given Reynolds number considerably increases with the reduction of pitch ratio and Reynolds
number. The D-nozzle arrangement, creating stronger reverse/turbulence flow, provides higher the heat transfer rate and friction factor
than the C-nozzle arrangement. The heat transfer rates obtained from using both nozzle-turbulators, in general, are found to be higher
than that from the plain tube at a range of 236 to 344%, depending on Reynolds number and the turbulator arrangements. In addition,
proposed correlations from the present experimental data for Nusselt number and friction factor are also presented.