The critical analysis of the Pythagorean theorem and of the
problem of irrational numbers is proposed. Methodological basis for
the analysis is the unity of formal logic and of rational dialectics. It
is shown that: 1) the Pythagorean theorem represents a
conventional (conditional) theoretical proposition because, in some
cases, the theorem contradicts the formal-logical laws and leads to
the appearance of irrational numbers; 2) the standard theoretical
proposition on the existence of incommensurable segments is a
mathematical fiction, a consequence of violation of the two formallogical
laws: the law of identity of geometrical forms and the law of
lack of contradiction of geometrical forms; 3) the concept of
irrational numbers is the result of violation of the dialectical unity
of the qualitative aspect (i.e. form) and quantitative aspect (i.e.
content: length, area) of geometric objects. Irrational numbers
represent a calculation process and, therefore, do not exist on the
number scale. There are only rational numbers.
The critical analysis of the Pythagorean theorem and of theproblem of irrational numbers is proposed. Methodological basis forthe analysis is the unity of formal logic and of rational dialectics. Itis shown that: 1) the Pythagorean theorem represents aconventional (conditional) theoretical proposition because, in somecases, the theorem contradicts the formal-logical laws and leads tothe appearance of irrational numbers; 2) the standard theoreticalproposition on the existence of incommensurable segments is amathematical fiction, a consequence of violation of the two formallogicallaws: the law of identity of geometrical forms and the law oflack of contradiction of geometrical forms; 3) the concept ofirrational numbers is the result of violation of the dialectical unityof the qualitative aspect (i.e. form) and quantitative aspect (i.e.content: length, area) of geometric objects. Irrational numbersrepresent a calculation process and, therefore, do not exist on thenumber scale. There are only rational numbers.
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