Even if consumers perceive a product failure, they may not see the costs borne in product acquisition and usage as significant (e.g., “What did I have to lose by trying?”). Thus, perceptions of equity may not be negative. Furthermore, because the outcome is uncertain, consumers may have already anticipated potential failure, which in turn should minimize negative emotions such as disappointment. Finally, consumers may attribute lack of outcome achievement (if perceived) to their own unrealistic expectations or to other circumstantial factors (e.g., “It is very difficult to lose weight over the holidays”). On the basis of the preceding, we predict the following: