The choice of problem-focused or emotion-focused coping
may depend on stress appraisal: primary appraisal, secondary
appraisal and reappraisal (Lazarus & Folkman 1984). Anxiety
is the end emotional response to one’s appraisal of the
stress. Primary appraisal involves the judgment that an
encounter is irrelevant, positive, or stressful. Secondary
appraisal is a judgment about what might be performed to
manage an encounter, and involves the evaluation of available
coping options. Reappraisal consists of changing an appraisal
according to new information received about the stressor.